Introduction
On Green #9 at Yorba Linda Country Club, irrigation water treated with the KST Skid produced a 35.4% reduction in compacted salts, a 24.7% increase in water penetration, and dissolved oxygen 300% higher than the untreated control greens, measured over several months against Greens #7 and #8.
Yorba Linda Country Club (YLCC) faced significant challenges with its water quality, which included high mineral and salt content, low oxygen levels, and poor water penetration. These issues led to excessive maintenance requirements, including frequent aeration, chemical treatments, and costly water usage. To address these concerns, Kairospace Technologies implemented its KST Skid system, which uses a combination of nanobubble technology with oxygen and ozone injection to improve water quality, enhance turf health, and reduce overall operational costs. The pilot aimed to demonstrate the system’s effectiveness in improving the club’s turf conditions and its potential economic benefits.
Results
Significant Improvements in Turf Health and Water Efficiency
The implementation of the KST Skid system at Yorba Linda Country Club led to substantial improvements in turf management and water efficiency. The treated areas showed a 35.4% reduction in compacted salts, significantly improving soil structure and root health. Water penetration increased by 24.7%, reducing surface pooling and promoting deeper root growth. Additionally, the dissolved oxygen levels in the treated water were 300% higher, resulting in healthier turf and a noticeable reduction in algae growth. Overall, the system demonstrated its effectiveness in enhancing both turf quality and sustainability.
The economic case follows from those agronomic measurements, and it is a projection rather than a second measurement. What the pilot recorded is the 24.7% gain in water penetration and a reduced need for aeration cycles and chemical treatment on the treated green. YLCC's annual water bill is $200,000 and its labor budget is $500,000; the pilot did not track spend against either line, so no dollar saving was measured. The club's own read of the trial was that better penetration and healthier turf would move both budgets, and that is the basis on which it evaluated the system.
(LHS) Hole 9 Green Test Plot vs (RHS) Hole 8 Green Control Plot
Conclusions
Proven Impact and Economic Benefit
The KST Ag PACK system successfully addressed the water and turf management challenges at Yorba Linda Country Club, providing both environmental and economic benefits. The results support broader implementation of this technology to enhance sustainability and operational efficiency in similar settings.
Methods
The pilot program involved installing the KST water treatment skid system in the irrigation pump house at YLCC, specifically targeting the irrigation of Green #9 while Greens #7 and #8 served as control sites. The system infused water with both oxygen and ozone in the form of nanobubbles, which were intended to improve water penetration, reduce salt compaction, and enhance dissolved oxygen levels in the lake and irrigation water. Over several months, key indicators such as soil electrical conductivity (EC), volumetric water content (VWC), and dissolved oxygen (DO) levels were meticulously monitored. Additionally, soil samples were regularly analyzed to assess changes in root development, soil compaction, and overall turf health.
